Announcer:
Welcome to the Global Investors Podcast, a show that focuses on helping foreign investors enter the lucrative US real estate market. Host, Charles Carillo, combined decades of real estate investing experience with a professional background in international banking to interview experts in all areas of US real estate investing. Now here’s your host, Charles Carillo.
Charles:
Welcome to another episode of the Global Investors Podcast; I’m your host Charles Carillo. Today we have Mandy McAllister. Mandy is a fulltime multifamily real estate investor with a portfolio comprised of 205 units; in mainly college towns and urban centers. Previously she was in medical device sales and now focuses on repositioning underperforming assets to increase cashflow and value. So thank you so much for being on the show, Mandy.
Mandy:
Could not be more excited to be here, Charles. Thank you.
Charles:
Yeah, no, it’s great to have you on and tell us a little bit about your story both personally and professionally, cuz now you’re full-time in real estate and yeah, let us know your little journey before choosing to invest in real estate.
Mandy:
Yeah, so actually this is retirement week. This is it’s it’s particularly cool because it’s like one drawn out celebration and excited to, to get to talk about it. So I originally was interested in real estate investing when I was 19 years old in 1999 stating on the porch of friends, like house in our college town. And she explained that her dad bought the house and she was renting the, the rooms out to our friends and I’m like, you get to keep that money. That’s the best idea I’ve ever heard in my whole life. So the seed was planted of must be real estate investor in 1999, but then I followed all the rules that you’re supposed to do when I went, you know, and got a master’s degree and I moved to an urban city in Chicago and you know, no, you need to buy your own house first.
Mandy:
So I bought the $400,000 condo, like you’re supposed to do before buying anything for investment. And then that plus some analysis paralysis put me in a spot that I didn’t end up buying anything for express purpose of investment until 20. So that was a fourplex. And then, you know, it all kind of, I got bit by that bug that, oh my gosh, I didn’t die after buying this fourplex. And not only that I have a thousand dollars cash that I don’t work for coming in for me. Yeah. If you can rinse or repeat that a few times, you know, five years later, look at us where, you know, real estate only now.
Charles:
Nice. did you on that first one? Was that like an FHA mortgage? Did you, or you did?
Mandy:
No, I did ever, like, I like to do stuff the hard way. I guess if I could do it all over, I would talk to 19 year old Mandy and say the minute that you are out of school, go buy a fourplex somewhere and then house hacked that. Yeah. By on an FHA loan, that’s, that’s the advice I give, you know, younger friends and you know, their siblings and kids, you know, but I, I put 25% down on an investment in a college town, which I felt like kids are gonna keep going to school. And honestly, I still think that to this group.
Charles:
Yeah, for sure. It’s interesting. You said about your friend when you’re 19 figuring that out. I remember I was talking to someone in college. I’m like, why do you wanna be I’m like, why do you wanna be a real estate investor? I’m like you rent an apartment. How often have you seen your, the owner there? And they’re like, I never see ’em like exact. So it’s like, oh yeah, it’s that makes perfect sense. But it’s a very interest it’s, it’s a great business model, but house hacking. That’s how I started in with the three family. But it’s, it’s definitely, do you still own that four unit?
Mandy:
I do. It’s I probably only hang on it Foria purposes cause it’s little four. It’s the only thing I still own in Illinois. I’m like actively selling everything else because I, I don’t love how we manage our state. Yeah. And I’m in markets that are more landlord friendly, but for some reason I hang onto that.
Charles:
So tell us about your first couple real estate investments, this four family. Like how did you get how did you find it? How did you choose the market? Did you like, what mistake did you make on your first deal there?
Mandy:
I made a lot of, I made a lot of mistakes and a lot of ’em really were kind of happy mistakes because I put a lot of kind of thoughts from the, the kids’ perspective, my avatar of my perfect renter. I really, you know, I, I have business degrees, whatever. So like, that’s just kind of how my brain was you when at this problem. So the fourplex, I realized that, you know, kids aren’t gonna stop going to school. So I wanna, I wanna state school in I feel like, you know, I did undergrad at a, a private school and I just, I feel like the state schools are more likely to be well funded well into the future. Then you know, private colleges. So I went with the state school, I thought, okay, a two hour drive from where I’m living.
Mandy:
That kind of means, you know, one of these four schools and it turns out one of them was tearing down two dorms that same year. I wanted to acquire something that plus the student population. So just like you would look at a multi, like family investment and you wanna know what’s happening with, you know, rent growth and population growth. And all of that stuff, I feel like in happy accident that I made is what I paid attention to was, you know, what’s happening to housing for these kids. And also what is the student population doing? Is it growing? Is it becoming more commuter or more kids wanting to live close to campus? So those are happy mistakes. And then I was coaching volleyball at the time and a woman that was like a co-coach. She was had just graduated from college, the same school that I was targeting for investment.
Mandy:
And I said, right, if you want to, this is another happy mistake. How, if you wanted to rent an apartment two years ago, when you were at Illinois state, where do you go? And she said, oh, you called one of these two property managers. So I interviewed both of them. And another happy mistake didn’t realize that you, you know, in most states you have to have a real estate license in order to manage property. Well, gosh, these guys, like I picked the one that I, I really loved. They’re it’s, they’re Sam’s student apartment mark in normal Illinois. I, I have nothing to do with them, but they’re so great. I like to plug them when I can. The, you know, they set me up, they were incentive to help me find something that fit my criteria. And, you know, they got the commission when I bought it too, because they were running the searches and serving as my buyer’s agent. So a lot of happy mistakes that put me in a situation that I leveraged their knowledge of the area I leveraged the I bought an unfurnished rental and turned it into a furnished rental. So I leveraged their bulk buying of, you know, cash and tables and stuff. So partnering with that was really huge early on
Charles:
How close is that property to the actual university?
Mandy:
And that’s the, that’s the thing too. So it’s just under a mile, so you could walk it in 10 or 15 minutes. So in, I, I kind of have you developed theories as you go on, right. We talk a lot about a ABC E D classifications for, is it a brand new construction or is it in the hood? I feel like a, B, C, D delineations around college towns, at least for my own head is distance from campus. Cause if you think of the places that you were willing to live in college, what mattered most is can I, you know, roll out a bed, get to my eight o’clock class on time that mattered
Charles:
Most? Yeah, no, I, I hated parking. When I lived off in one place driving and trying to park going to class, it was terrible. It had to be, and I was like, I gotta move to something that’s walkable to school and it’s, it was just, it was, it’s a heat makes a huge difference. It’s also interesting too. I found with in certain colleges where they’re taking down one of the exit strategies could be actually selling the property to the college. And I know that’s much more of an exit strategy for larger apartment complexes. However if you go to some places like in new England I know it’s places in Boston and people are in dorms that are like three family houses. So it’s, it is a exit strategy for these colleges that are growing and a lot of people no matter what COVID does. And what people say about that, like you said, people, I don’t think kids are gonna wanna stay home with their parents more or do something different or like, you know, zoom call with their par in their parents’ basement compared to the college experience, which is very important. I think
Mandy:
Another note on that quickly, sorry, lots of ways that student housing investors have made a lot of money is they run by the bedroom? Well, I chose one beds because I thought the avatar of the kid wouldn’t screw things up, right? Like the, you either have a bookish person who wants to live alone, or you have a, a graduate student, you know, and that actually lent itself really well in this, this COVID atmosphere. So these smaller units played really well.
Charles:
Yeah, that’s a great, I, I personally would’ve liked to live by myself, but obviously that’s not possible in all college situations, but that’s an, that’s an awesome that’s an awesome way of doing it. And it also adds a lot of value to it. Like you’re probably getting a much higher rent. I would imagine renting to a college student versus a normal one bedroom apartment in that market.
Mandy:
Yeah. I went from four 50 to 800 within the four years because it was a, a furnished rental.
Charles:
Awesome. Oh yeah, the furnish rental. Perfect. Perfect. So tell us about what you’re currently doing. I, if I know correctly, if I’ve heard this and read it, it’s you’re, do you work mostly through JVs joint ventures and small partnerships? So explain to us a little bit about what your strategy is and your criteria and how you’re at interior portfolio.
Mandy:
Yeah. So I, the way that I looked at just this progression of an investing in the way I wanted to approach it was I I wanted kind of more of an incremental approach cause I like to know I can trust myself and I wanna risk my money before I’m risking any investor’s money. Right. So I, I went from a four to a six to an eight to like, I just played in this really small, you know, that I can own it all by myself area of, of, but then that ended up making it so that I had this dependable floor of cashflow. And as soon as I reached this point that all of my bills were covered by my stuff, then I could, you know, really swing for the fences. And, and that’s kind of where I’m at now. Subsequent to that, I’ve taken on a couple of joint venture partners in the kind of 50 unit space.
Mandy:
We took down a 53 unit. There’s three of us on that deal in Indianapolis. The reason being is I feel like we’re a lot more nimble with everybody being active and everybody, you know in terms of the decision making the, the chance to have a bunch of different potential exits is in a syndication, largely you kind of have to project it in year two, we’re gonna do this and three, you’re gonna do this. And you thread the needle of a business plan to get as close to possible as the project to the projections as you can. But that kind of ends up losing a little bit of the risk mitigation with having multiple. We found that in these joint ventures, you know, rather than spread the needle, we get to just buy it and watch what happens in the market. You know? So we did the 53 in Indianapolis. It’s a it’s in speed west, west city where the track is that’s gone really well. It’s been a reposition from a builder that that’s been an interesting play cuz the whole business plan is to just put rents where they belong. Cause builders build, they don’t manage, you know?
Charles:
Yeah. And a lot of those exit strategies for builders are just to get it rented. No matter really. They’re not focusing too much on what they’re getting for rent, just that they, Hey, Hey, here’s 95% occupy and go at it kind of a thing which I found with builders
Mandy:
Same and then think of what that does to your business plan. Yeah. You know, instead of like having to cross your fingers and hope that if we put in this granite countertop, we’re gonna get whatever, extra bump and rent, then you know that next door you’re getting exactly what you’re projecting, you know? So I feel like that is an incredibly risk mitigated play.
Charles:
Yeah. It’s a true value add it’s I, I don’t really, I hate the idea of just going in and the only strategy you have is to, you know, put $5,000 into it and try to get $150 more a month. I think that’s so risky. And there has to be other factors that you’re using, because if we’re gonna go through if you bought this in the beginning of COVID, I mean, you’re probably not raising rents. I mean, so it’s like you might be getting ’em up to close to what your com your next door neighbor or your competitors are doing in that close neighborhood, but you’re not gonna be, Hey, we’re kicking out all these people and putting in 5,000 a unit where we have no idea what’s gonna happen with the market. Absolutely.
Mandy:
Yeah. Well, and you you’re, you’re kind of crossing your fingers anyway. And with the incredible fluctuations in building materials lately that 5,000, it might be 7,500, no problem. That completely changes your projections.
Charles:
So when you are putting together these partnership and group teams, how did you, first of all, how did you find your partners and like what, what did, how did you make sure that you had alignment of interest in that partnership?
Mandy:
Well, that all kind of started when I ship gone wrong. I I trusted probably way more than I should have because, you know, I’ve, I’ve, I’ve worked in this multi-family space for some time and a single family investor who had a significant portfolio wanted to get into multi. And I, I knew better and I should have trusted my gut. Right. And I ended up losing a huge chunk of cash in the, the process, but what that taught me expensive lesson, but a necessary one is that, you know, I trust but verify, right? Like I don’t want to be in a partnership with someone like a full on marriage with someone that I’ve only known for six months. Right. So my joint venture partners are people that, you know, if I haven’t known the other guys for a significant amount of time, then the guy that I have known has, and he, you know, trust, trusts them implicitly. So you know, that, you know, it, it, so I found that I need a little bit more time to feel comfortable. And I, I do a background check on every single mate that I take on. And if it leads to a really awkward conversation about, Hey, bro, why were you going miles over the speed limit? And you got this, you know, thing on your record about it, at least then I have the opportunity to figure out we have when hard conversations have to happen. So a lot of good comes from that.
Charles:
Yeah. And it’s it’s very interesting when you’re, when you’re asking those questions, how people react to ’em or also how forthcoming people are when they are, when you’re starting this process. And that kind of leads a lot to who you’re initially who you’re in, in, in business with, because these are, I mean, I imagine you’re not just keeping these for two or three years, you’re gonna be in probably a decade, at least with all the different properties at one stage or another. So what is your role
Mandy:
Exactly. We with this buy and watch?
Charles:
Oh, no, go on, sorry. Finish it up.
Mandy:
I’m sorry. No, with the, the buy in watch kind of strategy that we’ve got, it is longer term. It is, you know, 10, 15 years horizon.
Charles:
Yeah. So what is your role on your team when you’re working with these I, with your JV groups, are you sourcing the deals? I mean, everybody’s obviously bringing money in, we there’s no raising of money per se. And are you handling a little bit of underwriting and like, you know, asset management or is it mixed between everybody?
Mandy:
So we kind of we’re very careful to make sure that we’re dividing things up so that everybody has a, an active role, the two most recent joint venture deals. I, you know, kind of I compare our projections to our actuals at the end of every month. I am on asset management. So I actually, this morning had a call on our 53 unit to talk through some things that we saw on the, the water bill and things like that, kind of helping manage the manager and you know, a lot of due diligence stuff early on, walk in the properties, making sure that we have the right plan in place early on. So we, we split it up. There’s a lot of linking arms in a lot of things.
Charles:
How are you doing with management on a 50 unit property? Are you you’re relying on your property manager for a lot of that handyman and leasing type activities, or have you, do you have assets close to each other where you might have someone else actually maybe full time between them?
Mandy:
Great question. So we started with the 53 and we’re very reliant on the property manager, but again, we’ve had members of our team have had decades long relationships with these folks. So either is a significant level of trust also because it is just a middle size and we can’t really, it won’t pay for its full-time own management. We love that they have our it’s in that same area. So we’re a pretty strong B B plus asset. They have the ish asset not far away, so it’s, it’s not competition, but they, they know what they’re doing and the who to, to put where
Charles:
Nice
Mandy:
Our goal though is to move towards I’m sorry. Our goal is to move being able to afford our own. I know, I’m sorry. Our goal is to be able to afford the full manager in growing that portfolio.
Charles:
Nice. I’ve spoken to other owners before of this size properties, like forties and fifties. And we have a 60 unit where we actually have, full-time a full-time leasing person, full-time manager, which kind of is a little bit too much, but we have another property near it that we actually share it with. But initially for the first year or so, it was like, oh, wow, okay. This is like a little bit more than we wanted to be paying for, for payroll. But when I was speaking to someone else, they had to deal with their property manager where they actually had a handyman from the property manager that was, was deal with their property two days a week. However, that kind of sliced up. And I was like, oh, that’s, that’s a pretty good thing. So you’re paying like 6%, but you are getting someone on site two days a week, whatever it is, you know what I mean? Like a Tuesday and Friday or whatever it is, where they take care of different cause a lot of items when they come in that need to be repaired or fixed. Aren’t immediate. Right. There’s some that definitely are, but there’s a lot of stuff that’s not, that can be pushed back a day or two. So do you have some sort of setup like that with your, with your property managers?
Mandy:
Yep. Tuesdays and Thursdays. The kind of property manager sits in L office and kind of direct spin on urgent stuff, just like you were saying. So exactly the same play.
Charles:
So when you’re looking at properties, how are you stress testing your acquisitions?
Mandy:
Ooh, I love this question. So when I, and I actually have been doing a lot of coaching lately too, and that the way that I look at numbers, I, I call it like approach. We’re like, I, I look at the, what is really likely to happen. And then I look at best case scenario and I look at worst case scenario, right. And if I, I manage towards the best case scenario, if I’m talking with a potential partner or if we’re gonna do a syndication a passive investor, we talk about the really likely to happen. And then in terms of the worst scenario I really, what matters most to me is the economic vacancy break evenly. Like how vacant can we be? How many people can we have not, and still not much like that’s, that’s what really makes me feel warm. Andy, when I know that up to like 30 or 40% of our people can not be paying and we you know, still will stay afloat in that asset.
Mandy:
So the 53 unit we took down, like right at the beginning of COVID and we ended up, you know, that stress test, it showed that we could be 42% economically vacant, largely because of the type of loan we had. But like, I was so nervous, this was the biggest thing I’d ever been at the hel of. Then I realized like the people losing their jobs were service industry people, and the people who cut their jobs were like computer programmers and sales reps and nurses. Right? So the essential type workers. So I took the applications from the previous owner or the previous management company, because you have to write what you do for a living on your application. And I said, all right, at risk job, not at risk job. Right. And we had, we had eight at risk jobs in our tenants. So that gave us a ton of comfort that only 8% we thought really ran the risk of losing their jobs, but we could be 43%, 42% economically vacant and still pay our bills. So I love that type of stress test.
Charles:
That’s awesome. That’s a, quite the stress test cuz use people are coming in like in the high twenties, mid twenties, you know, around 20 and you’re literally double that. So that’s a pretty, pretty safe, fast. I like how you do that additional lease audit. Cause usually you’re just looking to make sure there’s not too many people in one industry and now you’re doing it to make sure that non essential jobs were only risking what 20% of your, not less than it 20% or so 18% of your, your building. So that’s fantastic. I haven’t heard anybody do that when they’re buying through COVID, but it’s definitely a very important thing to do. Can you one thing you talked about that just explain what economic vacancy is versus vacancy if people don’t understand. For
Mandy:
Sure. Yeah. So normally when, if you’re looking in a, an offering memorandum or something, you might see vacancy, lots of times they mean vacancy, like that’s physical vacancy, physically, how many bodies are in these apartments? Proportionally economic vacancy is, you know, whether or not there’s a body there is that body paying rent. So a physical occupancy and an economic vacancy could be a different number. Usually they’re about the same, cuz just about you, you would move towards evicting people who aren’t paying. But you know, what’s interesting to us is, are the people paying that we’ve got in there.
Charles:
Nice. Okay. I appreciate that. So I, I mean we’re both have taken down assets in this mid fifties of range and I really think that with these 20 to 60 unit properties, you can really truly find deals because I think it’s a more imperfect market compared with hundred plus unit properties. You know, what do you think about, what do you think about that and how sourcing deals with smaller properties, it might not be syndicated helps you find a better deal.
Mandy:
I love the word syndicated. I feel like it’s hyphenated. I’m gonna write it down right now. Thank you for that. I, and you are so incredibly speaking my language here, because if you look at what’s happened, especially in this apartment investing role, post COVID of the big money, all of the institutional stuff that would potentially have bought offices or strip malls or whatever, like we’ve proven to ourselves that we buy from Amazon and we can work from home. Right? So that money is crowding into multifamily, largely in my opinion, from what I’ve gathered. And in that, like that has kind of crowded down. You used to be able to go after a hundred unit property and not have a ton of institutional pressure. Now like the institutional money, like it’s, it’s going to the smaller stuff, 75, sometimes 50, right? So that plus the, you know, the mom and pop owners, the, the, you know, early and Jeff, we wanna retire outta Cincinnati, Ohio that, you know, they, they love all their tenants and they didn’t push rent probably the way they should.
Mandy:
They didn’t terribly run it like a business. It was more so just how they lived their life. You know, those mom and pop owners, they don’t exist largely in the 50 to a hundred unit atmosphere anymore. So in my, my opinion, you are dead on the, the places that you can, you know, apply some business principles to, and really achieve a, a true value add it’s the 20 to 50 unit space. And that’s why I, I love this joint venture model and I’m, I’m developing like this bench of other people who, you know, are very interested in being active in one way or another, and kind of leveraging the expertise of the, the markets in the Midwest that my business partners and I have, have been growing over the years. So you know, in my opinion too, the, the smaller ones can get away from more quickly because you don’t have that full-time manager. So really kind of acquiring in a very similar footprint is super important and why we continue to try to double down in the Indianapolis and Louisville markets, cuz that’s, they’re very close to each other. And that’s where we do all our site visits at. So totally agree and targeting the of smaller stuff cuz that’s where mom and pops are and institutional money is not.
Charles:
Yeah. And you can still syndicate those. We’ve done two syndications that were kind of like, let’s say broken. We did a, with one was a 32 unit and a 27 put together and one was a 68 and a 22. So you can still, if anybody’s out there listening, you can still syndicate these smaller properties, but it’s gonna take a little bit more work cause you putting two together and two loans and it’s, it’s more of a hassle, but if you’re getting a discount on it, I mean it’s all worth it. And your, your investors should appreciate that more if you’re getting a lower price compared to someone cause when you sell it, it’s not sold as a 68 and 22 it’s now, Hey, we have 90 or we have a hundred or whatever it is. Yep. So it’s always a huge plus. What are some mistakes you see other real estate investors make,
Mandy:
You know I, I believe firmly that this, you know, multifamily play is it’s all about the numbers, right? Like it’s, we we’re, we’re valued on how well we run the business, the net operating income that we are able to achieve. So, you know, letting go, you can’t manage what you don’t measure, not appropriately measuring or requiring management to measure the stuff that matters so that you can really make sure that stuff isn’t getting away from you. And in this smaller space, the, the call it four to 50 unit, which is really my wheel have that can go way more quickly cuz log small numbers, right? Like the one unit of a fourplex is 25%. So one pickup, it changes. So really understanding the numbers on the front end and the back end, you know, are, I think where some investors could spend some more time.
Charles:
Interesting. And you are, full-time in a job when you started and now you are a full-time real estate investor. What do you think are some of the main factors that have contributed to your success during this whole process?
Mandy:
You know, I always kind of would next right stuff. Like I would do the thing that felt like I should, should be doing it right. And really involving myself in groups and myself in, you know, doing things that, you know, being around people, doing the same stuff that I was doing, cuz in my little circle in the, the suburbs of Chicago, I’m this crazy girl. Right. But if I’m, you know, in a if I’m at a conference or something or part of masterminds that I’m a part of, oh, oh yeah. Well know me that because you know, it’s or whatever it’s so being around people involving myself, around people doing I’m doing huge, but during COVID, you know, I, I sold advice that was an elective procedure. And that meant that I had to sit in this chair for three months in a way that I never had before.
Mandy:
So I realized like, oh my gosh, it’s just a math problem. How much money do I, how much cash do I need to see in order to feel comfortable giving my full focus to real estate. And I did that half. I made a little calculator for that. Cause I couldn’t find a calculator to help me estimate what it is that I need. I’ll I’ll give you that link. It’s something I give away for free on my website, but knowing exactly where I was shooting for that really granular thing to figure out like my, my north star to run towards knowing that I, I was able to achieve it in 12 months just because I knew where I was running.
Charles:
Nice. So you had an idea, you had a budget for your own personal and your business expenses, then you had idea. Awesome. Yeah. That’s exactly what you have to do if you’re, if you’re planning on going into anything full-time outside of your job. Tell us about a you, you have a platform for women, you wrote a portion of a book. Tell us a little bit more about that.
Mandy:
Yeah. there, they’re, deceivingly close in name, but you know, I, I had a real estate coach and you know, there’s so few women in multifamily or at least even four or five years ago, there were even fewer. Right. So it’s really cool to see it growing. But early on we just kind of banded together and again, involving myself with people doing what I’m doing, we started a, a book club that then became a group called aspiring women achieving more. And now on Facebook we have 2,400 members. Wow. we do a free accountability course every single Friday at one central. So if you’re looking to meet other like-minded women, sorry, Charles tell, tell all the ladies in your life. But we, we get together and we talk about what we’re working on and we kind of you know, mastermind and, and give each other some advice or some leads on where to go next. And then because of the, the women’s group a publisher was writing a multi-author book called aspire women, finding their purpose. And I had an opportunity to write a chapter in that, sharing my story. It’s 99 cents on Kindle on Amazon. If you wanna look and we hit the number one best seller list in wow. Three countries. So it’s so weird to think that by definition I am a multinational international best selling author, but Hey, I guess it’s not untrue.
Charles:
What countries OB, you know, we had us, you probably had Canada and
Mandy:
It was actually Australia and England, England, we, we were very close in Germany. I got a lot of German friends.
Charles:
Interesting. Interesting. All right, right. Yeah, no it’s cuz Canada is people don’t underst like one of the largest international one of the large largest countries outside the us that are buying us real estate. So that’s why I was wondering oh,
Mandy:
Yes. Yeah,
Charles:
Yeah. But awesome. So tell us how our listeners can learn more about you and your business. And I’ll put all these links at the show notes.
Mandy:
Yeah. Thank you. So my website, Mandy mcallister.com is kind of the catchall for everything it talks about. The aspiring women achieving more the, my, my investment arm, good fortune capital. It kind of tells you a little bit of all of the, the stuff I’m up to.
Charles:
Awesome. Okay. So you can find that to the show notes and the YouTube notes. And thank you so much for coming on Mandy and looking forward to connecting with you here in the new future at some future event.
Mandy:
Can’t wait.
Charles:
Hi guys! It’s Charles from the Global Investors Podcast. I hope you enjoyed the show. If you’re interested in get involved with real estate, but you don’t know where to begin, set up a free 30 minute strategy call with me at schedulecharles.com. That’s schedulecharles.com. Thank you.
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